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1850
 
    
Queen Victoria knights her favourite painter of animals, Edwin Landseer       
Edwin Landseer, by Ballantyne c.1865
National Portrait Gallery, London

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c. 1850
 
    
English cartoonist John Tenniel begins a 50-year career drawing for the satirical magazine Punch       
John Tenniel, by Holl, 1883
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1855
 
     
Holman Hunt's The Scapegoat combines realism and symbolism in an extreme example of Pre-Raphaelite characteristics        
Holman Hunt, The Scapegoat (detail)
Lady Lever Art Gallery
1855
 
     
John Everett Millais marries Effie Gray, previously the wife of John Ruskin        
John Everett Millais, by Leslie, 1852
National Portrait Gallery, London

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1859
 
   
US artist James McNeill Whistler settles in London, which he makes his home for the rest of his life      
1866
 
    
US painter Winslow Homer makes his name with the exhibition of a Civil War subject, Prisoners from the Front       
1869
 
     
Young French artists Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir paint together in the open air at La Grenouillère, developing the Impressionist style        
Monet Bathers at La Grenouillère (detail) 1869
National Gallery, London

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1869
 
   
French part-time painter Henri Rousseau becomes known as Douanier ('customs officer') Rousseau because of his paid employment      
1870
 
    
French artist Claude Monet, fleeing from the Franco-Prussian War, arrives in London       
Monet The Thames below Westminster (detail) c.1871
National Gallery, London

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1871
 
    
Whistler paints his mother and calls the picture Arrangement in Grey and Black